Myth Busted: Do Dogs Lift Their Legs to Pee for Dominence?

For decades, dog owners have been told that male dogs lift their legs to assert dominance over other dogs — or even their humans. The truth, according to modern behavior science, is more about communication than control.

What Leg-Lifting Really Means

Dogs lift their legs primarily to mark territory with urine. By elevating their urine, they leave scent higher on surfaces, which is easier for other dogs to detect. This behavior is tied to scent marking, a normal part of canine communication, rather than a statement of dominance.

Male dogs typically begin lifting their legs around 6 to 12 months old, coinciding with sexual maturity. Puppies will usually squat like female dogs until hormones trigger leg-lifting behavior. While females may occasionally lift a leg, it is far less common.

Why Scent Marking Matters

Urine contains pheromones and other chemical signals that convey a dog’s age, reproductive status, and territorial boundaries. Marking is often increased in areas where other dogs have been, in new environments, or along paths frequented by other animals.

This behavior is instinctive and healthy, giving dogs a way to communicate indirectly without confrontations. Misinterpreting leg-lifting as dominance over people is a common myth that can lead to unnecessary corrective measures.

Observing Leg-Lifting in Context

The context of leg-lifting is crucial. Dogs do it more frequently in high-traffic dog areas, during walks, or when introduced to new neighborhoods. Trainers emphasize that understanding the reasons behind marking can help owners manage it without assuming the dog is challenging authority.

By recognizing leg-lifting as normal communication, owners can provide consistent outdoor routines and redirect marking behavior indoors through training aids or designated spots.